Tuesday , March 19 2024

Python Functions

Python Functions

Python Function

  • A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called.
  • You can pass data, known as parameters, into a function.
  • A function can return data as a resul
  • A colon (:) to mark the end of the function header.
  • An optional return statement to return a value from the function.

Creating a Function

  • In Python a function is defined using the def keyword:
In [1]:
def function():
    print("Hello, Welcome to MachineLearning.org.in")
    
function()
Hello, Welcome to MachineLearning.org.in
In [2]:
function()
Hello, Welcome to MachineLearning.org.in

Scope of a Variable in Function

Local variable is declared inside a function whereas Global variable is declared outside the function. Local variables are created when the function has started execution and is lost when the function terminates, on the other hand, Global variable is created as execution starts and is lost when the program ends.

In [3]:
a=10
def fun():
    print("Inside:",a)

print("Outside:",a)
fun()
Outside: 10
Inside: 10

Note: Gloal variable can be used anywhere

In [4]:
a=10 #Local Variable
def fun():
    a=20 #Global Variable
    print("Inside:",a)
    
fun()
print("Outside:",a)
Inside: 20
Outside: 10

Note: Inside local function, local variable priority is first

In [5]:
a=10
def fun():
    a=a+30
    print("Inside:",a)

fun()
print("Outside:",a)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
UnboundLocalError                         Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-5-4196ca061bb8> in <module>
      4     print("Inside:",a)
      5 
----> 6 fun()
      7 print("Outside:",a)

<ipython-input-5-4196ca061bb8> in fun()
      1 a=10
      2 def fun():
----> 3     a=a+30
      4     print("Inside:",a)
      5 

UnboundLocalError: local variable 'a' referenced before assignment

Note:: We can’not change global variable value inside a local function directly

In [6]:
a=10
def fun():
    global a
    a=a+30
    print("Inside:",a)

fun()
print("Outside:",a)
Inside: 40
Outside: 40

Types of Functions

  • Function with No Argument, No Return Value
  • Function with No Argument, with Return Value
  • Function with Argument, No Return Value
  • Function with Argument, with Return Value

1. Function with No Argument, No Return Value

In [7]:
def add():
    a=int(input("Enter First No:"))
    b=int(input("Enter Second No:"))
    print("Sum:",a+b)
    
add()
Enter First No:10
Enter Second No:20
Sum: 30

2. Function with No Argument, with Return Value

In [8]:
def add():
    a=int(input("Enter First No:"))
    b=int(input("Enter Second No:"))
    print("Sum:",a+b)
    
a=add()
print(a)
Enter First No:10
Enter Second No:20
Sum: 30
None
In [9]:
def add():
    a=int(input("Enter First No:"))
    b=int(input("Enter Second No:"))
    return a+b
    
a=add()
print("Sum:",a)
Enter First No:10
Enter Second No:20
Sum: 30

3. Function with Argument, No Return Value

In [10]:
def add(x,y):
    print("Sum:",x+y)

a=int(input("Enter First No:"))
b=int(input("Enter Second No:"))
add(a,b)
Enter First No:10
Enter Second No:20
Sum: 30

4. Function with Argument, With Return Value

In [11]:
def add(x,y):
    return x+y

a=int(input("Enter First No:"))
b=int(input("Enter Second No:"))
print("Sum:",add(a,b))
Enter First No:10
Enter Second No:20
Sum: 30

Default Argument

In [12]:
def fun1(a="itronix",b=20):
    print(a,b)
    
fun1() #No Argument pass
fun1(b=30) #Single Argument Pass
fun1(b=30,a="sol") #Both Argument Pass
itronix 20
itronix 30
sol 30

Calculate time of execution of a function

In [13]:
import time

def square():
    start=time.time()
    for i in range(100000000):
        i=i*i
    end=time.time()
    print("Time Taken:",end-start)
    
square()
Time Taken: 6.7782227993011475

Pass Function as a Argument in other function

In [14]:
def fun(a):
    a("Itronix Solutions")
    
fun(print)
Itronix Solutions

Return Function from another Function

In [15]:
def fun():
    return print

a=fun()
a("Machine Learning")
Machine Learning

Nested Function

In [16]:
def fun1():
    print("Hello")
    def fun2():
        print("Machine Learning")
    fun2()

fun1()
Hello
Machine Learning

Calculate the time of execution of each function

In [17]:
import time
def fun1(fun):
    def fun2():
        s=time.time()
        fun()
        e=time.time()
        print("Time Taken:",e-s)
    return fun2
    
def square():
    for i in range(10000000):
        i=i*i

def cube():
    for i in range(10000000):
        i=i*i*i
              
a=fun1(square)
a()

a=fun1(cube)
a()
Time Taken: 0.6668052673339844
Time Taken: 1.196408748626709

Function Decorators : Time of execution of each function

In [18]:
import time
def fun1(fun):
    def fun2():
        s=time.time()
        fun()
        e=time.time()
        print("Time Taken:",e-s)
    return fun2
    

@fun1
def square():
    for i in range(10000000):
        i=i*i

@fun1
def cube():
    for i in range(10000000):
        i=i*i*i
              
square()
cube()
Time Taken: 0.6784050464630127
Time Taken: 1.183851957321167

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